The accounting documents record changes in values in a company code arising from accounting transactions. They consist of one or more line items (postings), each of which represents an individual transaction posted to an account.
When posting an accounting document, the SAP system updates the transaction figures in the accounts to which the document is posted.An accounting document is a representation within the SAP System of the document (for example, an invoice) that triggered the posting.
BAPI ‘BAPI_ACC_DOCUMENT_POST’ acts as the interface between your code and standard transactions FB01/FB50.
This document explains the various steps involved to post a FI document using BAPI ‘BAPI_ACC_DOCUMENT_POST’ from an excel file.
This is helpful to SAP Technical consultants as it gives the details of all the required parameters and data in document posting and validation to check if the GL account in which we are posting amounts is present in SAP database.
Transaction code for FI documents are FB01/FB50(Create), FB02(Change) and FB03(Display). In one document, more than 999 line item cannot be posted because BAPI can post up to 999 lines in one document.
The file should be balanced for the document to be posted i.e. credit amount and debit amount should be equal. In FI, header table for document data is BKPF and line item table is BSEG.
To Post FI Document using BAPI, we need to follow this step-by-step procedure. The steps are :
- Upload data from excel file into an internal table using FM ‘GUI_UPLOAD’ as explained in subroutine UPLOAD_FORM_EXCEL.
- After we upload excel data into an internal table we need split the data into field patterns into header data and line item data as explained in subroutine ‘SPLIT_INTO_RECORDS’. This splitting is done according to my file format. In header data in the file in line no.2, posting date and header company code. That is why I have used case when 2. And all the other information is present at the lines as described by CASE statement. Line item details start from line number 14, that’s why LOOP AT t_upload INTO w_upload FROM 14is used. User can split the data according to their file format.
- After the splitting, loop at the line item table and validate the GL account numbers. If the GL accounts are valid, Populate the line item data into BAPI GL and currency tables otherwise append that GL account number into error message table. This is explained in subroutines ‘VALIDATE_GL’ and ‘POPULATE_BAPI’.
- In case of intercompany postings, in which line item and Header Company codes are different. Find out line item company code currency key and compare if the line item currency key and header currency key given is same or different. If these are different then we need to populate ‘EXCHANGE_RATE’ field of currency table if it is given in the file. Otherwise BAPI itself will fetch the exchange rate between 2 currencies and do the conversion.
- Above step is required because a document is posted in 3 currencies document currency, company code currency and group currency. In case of the intra company code postings all the currencies are same so the amounts are same In all3 currencies. But in case of inter company code postings the currencies are different so the amounts are also different. Due to this we need to give and exchange rate base on which the BAPI will convert the amounts.
- Next step in document posting is to check the data using BAPI ‘BAPI_ACC_DOCUMEN_CHECK’. If this BAPI do not return any error message, go to next step otherwise display error message given by BAPI.
- Post the document using BAPI ‘BAPI_ACC_DOCUMEN_POST’. Check for sy-subrc, if initial; commit the work using ‘BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT’. This step is explained in subroutine ‘POST_DOCUMENT’. While providing header data in W_HEADER work area do not provide OBJ_KEY, OBJ_TYPE and OBJ_SYS, these are automatically populated by BAPI.
Summary
This document explains the various steps involved in FI document posting from excel file. Main steps involved are uploading and splitting data into internal table, Populate data into BAPI tables and call BAPI to post the documents and committing the transaction. A sample source code is given for the references.
Note : In case of intercompany code postings, if the exchange rate between 2 currencies is given in the file, programmer should pass only the exchange rate given. Currency value conversions will be done by the BAPI. Also Field status group configurations of GL accounts are not considered by BAPI as it is bypassed by BAPI, but these are considered when doing posting using FB50.
Source Code
*Global DATA declarations
TYPES: BEGIN OF type_upload, "Work table used for upload
rec(500) TYPE c,
END OF type_upload.
*Global work area declarations
DATA: w_postingsTYPE ,
w_header TYPE bapiache09,
w_bukrs TYPE type_bukrs,
w_upload TYPE type_upload,
w_item_gl TYPE bapiacgl09,
w_dummy(1) TYPE c, "#EC NEEDED
w_item_curr TYPE bapiaccr09.
DATA:t_posting TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ,
t_return TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapiret2,
t_bukrs TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF type_bukrs,
t_item_gl TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapiacgl09,
t_upload TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF type_upload,
t_filename TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF type_filename,
t_item_curr TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapiaccr09.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&Form UPLOAD_FROM_EXCEL
*&--------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM upload_from_excel.
REFRESH t_upload.
*--upload data from excel to internal table
DATA: lw_filename TYPE string.
lw_filename = p_file.
CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
filename = lw_filename
filetype = 'ASC'
TABLES
data_tab = t_upload
EXCEPTIONS
file_open_error = 1
file_read_error = 2
no_batch = 3
gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_authority = 6
unknown_error = 7
bad_data_format = 8
header_not_allowed = 9
separator_not_allowed = 10
header_too_long = 11
unknown_dp_error = 12
access_denied = 13
dp_out_of_memory = 14
disk_full = 15
dp_timeout = 16
OTHERS = 17.
*- End of change @ECC
ENDFORM." UPLOAD_FROM_EXCEL
*&--------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&Form SPLIT_INTO_RECORDS
*&--------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM split_into_records.
DATA: lv_doc_date TYPE sy-datum,
lv_account TYPE char10,
lv_product TYPE char20,
lv_period TYPE char2,
lv_kursf TYPE char9,
lv_aufnr TYPE char12,
lv_plant TYPE char10,
lv_customer TYPE kunnr,
lv_cust_hie2 TYPE hiezu02,
lv_pstng_date TYPE sy-datum,
lv_amount TYPE char30.
CLEAR:lv_doc_date,
lv_account,
lv_product,
lv_period,
lv_kursf,
lv_plant,
lv_customer,
lv_cust_hie2,
lv_pstng_date,
lv_amount.
*Split header data
LOOP AT t_upload INTO w_upload.
CASE sy-tabix.
* start of insert @007
WHEN 2.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO
w_dummyw_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummyw_dummy
w_header-ac_doc_no
w_dummy.
* end of insert @007
WHEN 4.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO
w_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummy
lv_doc_date
w_dummyw_dummy
w_header-header_txt
w_dummyw_dummy
w_header-comp_code
w_dummy.
WHEN 6.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO
w_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummy
lv_pstng_date
w_dummyw_dummy
w_header-ref_doc_no
w_dummyw_dummy
w_header-doc_type
w_dummy.
WHEN 8.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO
w_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummy
lv_period
w_dummyw_dummy
g_jtype
w_dummyw_dummy"@008
w_header1-curr "@008
w_dummy. "@008
WHEN 10.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO
w_dummyw_dummy
w_dummyw_dummy
g_rdate
w_dummyw_dummy
w_header-reason_rev
w_dummyw_dummy "@008
lv_kursf "@008
w_dummy. "@008
EXIT.
ENDCASE.
*Split line item data
LOOP AT t_upload INTO w_upload FROM 14.
CLEAR lv_account.
SPLIT w_upload AT c_tab INTO w_postings-company
lv_account
w_postings-ttype
w_postings-pkey
lv_amount
w_postings-ccent
w_postings-prcent
w_postings-description
w_postings-assignment
w_postings-tax_code
w_postings-juridiction_code
lv_aufnr
w_postings-psa
lv_plant
w_postings-wbs_element
lv_product
w_postings-product_hie
w_postings-meins
w_postings-quantity
w_postings-asgm
w_postings-asgc
w_postings-billing_type
lv_customer
lv_cust_hie2
w_postings-order_reason
w_postings-dsd_return_rsn
w_postings-reson1
w_postings-item_sales
w_postings-sales_order
w_postings-dist_channel
w_postings-sales_org
w_postings-division
w_postings-shipping_type
w_postings-partner_pc
w_postings-item_category
w_postings-trading_partner
w_postings-market
w_postings-sales_office
w_postings-country
w_postings-resp
w_postings-value_date
w_postings-trade_type
w_postings-controlling_area
w_postings-cost_object
w_postings-cust_hie1
w_postings-cust_hie3
w_postings-cust_hie4
w_postings-cust_hie5
w_postings-cust_hie6
w_postings-cust_hie7
w_postings-ship_to_party
w_postings-fin_plning_lvl
w_postings-ext_ic_mod_std
w_postings-vv160_intrprtation
w_postings-vv161_intrprtation
w_postings-crm_marketing
w_dummy.
w_postings-amount = lv_amount.
* END OF @007
IF NOT ( w_postings-pkey IS INITIAL ).
APPEND w_postings TO t_posting.
ENDIF.
CLEAR: w_postings, lv_aufnr,lv_cust_hie2, lv_customer, lv_product,
lv_plant, lv_account, lv_amount.
ENDLOOP.
IF t_bukrs IS NOT INITIAL.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM t_bukrs COMPARING bukrs.
*Fecth the currency for company codes
SELECT
bukrs
waers
FROM t001
INTO TABLE t_curr
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN t_bukrs
WHERE bukrs EQ t_bukrs-bukrs.
ENDIF.
IF t_curr IS NOT INITIAL.
SORT t_curr BY bukrs.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM." SPLIT_INTO_RECORDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form VALIDATE_GL
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM validate_gl.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ltype_gl,
bukrs TYPE bukrs,
saknr TYPE saknr,
xintb TYPE xintb,
END OF ltype_gl.
DATA: lt_postings_temp TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF type_item,
lt_gl_flag TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ltype_gl,
lw_gl_flag TYPE ltype_gl,
lv_msg TYPE char100,
lw_message TYPE type_message,
lv_counter TYPE posnr_acc.
REFRESH: lt_postings_temp,
lt_gl_flag.
CLEAR: lw_gl_flag,
lv_counter.
lt_postings_temp = t_posting.
* lt_postings_temp = t_posting.
IF lt_postings_temp IS NOT INITIAL.
SORT lt_postings_tempBY company account.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM lt_postings_temp COMPARING company account.
SELECT "#EC CI_SGLSELECT
bukrs
saknr
xintb
FROM skb1
INTO TABLE lt_gl_flag
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN lt_postings_temp
WHERE bukrs = lt_postings_temp-company
AND saknr = lt_postings_temp-account.
ENDIF.
**Intialize counter
lv_counter = 1.
LOOP AT t_posting INTO w_postings.
READ TABLE lt_gl_flag INTO lw_gl_flag
WITH KEY saknr = w_postings-account
bukrs = w_postings-company.
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL.
IF lw_gl_flag-xintb = c_x.
CONCATENATE text-004 w_postings-account text-006
INTO lv_msg SEPARATED BY space.
* Else display the error message for GL account.
lw_message-mes_type = c_e.
lw_message-text = lv_msg.
APPEND lw_message TO t_message.
CLEAR lw_message.
g_error_flag = c_x.
ELSE.
PERFORM populate_bapi USING lv_counter.
* Increase counter by one
lv_counter = lv_counter + 1.
ENDIF.
ELSE.
"error message lv_msg
* Else display the error message for GL account.
lw_message-mes_type = c_e.
lw_message-text = lv_msg.
APPEND lw_message TO t_message.
CLEAR lw_message.
g_error_flag = c_x.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM." VALIDATE_GL
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form POPULATE_BAPI
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM populate_bapi USING rlv_counter TYPE posnr_acc.
**Populate line item details
IF w_postings-company NE w_header-comp_code.
g_cross_flag = c_x.
ENDIF.
*Fill Credit line item data
IF w_postings-pkey=50.
w_item_gl-itemno_acc = rlv_counter.
w_item_gl-comp_code = w_postings-company.
w_item_gl-gl_account = w_postings-account.
w_item_gl-pstng_date = w_header-pstng_date.
w_item_gl-cs_trans_t = w_postings-ttype.
w_item_gl-costcenter = w_postings-ccent.
w_item_gl-profit_ctr = w_postings-prcent.
w_item_gl-wbs_element = w_postings-wbs_element.
w_item_gl-orderid = w_postings-internal_order.
w_item_gl-item_text = w_postings-description.
w_item_gl-alloc_nmbr = w_postings-assignment.
w_item_gl-tax_code = w_postings-tax_code.
w_item_gl-taxjurcode = w_postings-juridiction_code.
w_item_gl-orderid = w_postings-internal_order.
w_item_gl-base_uom = w_postings-meins.
w_item_gl-quantity = w_postings-quantity.
w_item_gl-trade_id = w_postings-trading_partner.
w_item_gl-value_date = w_postings-value_date.
APPEND w_item_gl TO t_item_gl.
IF w_header2-kursf IS NOT INITIAL.
* To fetch company code currency
READ TABLE t_curr INTO w_curr
WITH KEY bukrs = w_postings-company
BINARY SEARCH.
IF w_curr-waers NE w_header1-curr.
w_item_curr-exch_rate = w_header2-kursf.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
w_item_curr-itemno_acc =rlv_counter.
w_item_curr-curr_type = c_doc_curr. "Document Currency
w_item_curr-currency = w_header1-curr.
w_item_curr-amt_doccur =w_postings-amount * ( -1 ).
APPEND w_item_curr TO t_item_curr.
CLEAR w_item_curr.
g_credit_total = g_credit_total + w_postings-amount.
* Clear variables
CLEAR: w_postings,
w_item_curr,
w_curr,
w_item_gl.
*Fill Debit line item data
ELSEIF w_postings-pkey= 40.
w_item_gl-itemno_acc = rlv_counter.
w_item_gl-comp_code = w_postings-company.
w_item_gl-gl_account = w_postings-account.
w_item_gl-pstng_date = w_header-pstng_date.
w_item_gl-cs_trans_t = w_postings-ttype.
w_item_gl-costcenter = w_postings-ccent.
w_item_gl-profit_ctr = w_postings-prcent.
w_item_gl-wbs_element = w_postings-wbs_element.
w_item_gl-orderid = w_postings-internal_order.
w_item_gl-item_text = w_postings-description.
w_item_gl-alloc_nmbr = w_postings-assignment.
w_item_gl-tax_code = w_postings-tax_code.
w_item_gl-taxjurcode = w_postings-juridiction_code.
w_item_gl-orderid = w_postings-internal_order.
w_item_gl-base_uom = w_postings-meins.
w_item_gl-quantity = w_postings-quantity.
w_item_gl-part_prctr = w_postings-partner_pc.
w_item_gl-trade_id = w_postings-trading_partner.
w_item_gl-value_date = w_postings-value_date.
APPEND w_item_gl TO t_item_gl.
IF w_header2-kursf IS NOT INITIAL.
* To fetch company code currency
READ TABLE t_curr INTO w_curr
WITH KEY bukrs = w_postings-company
BINARY SEARCH.
IF w_curr-waers NE w_header1-curr.
w_item_curr-exch_rate = w_header2-kursf.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
w_item_curr-itemno_acc =rlv_counter.
w_item_curr-curr_type = c_doc_curr. "Document Currency
w_item_curr-currency = w_header1-curr.
w_item_curr-amt_doccur =w_postings-amount .
APPEND w_item_curr TO t_item_curr.
CLEAR w_item_curr.
g_debit_total = g_debit_total + w_postings-amount.
* Clear variables
CLEAR: w_postings,
w_item_curr,
w_curr,
w_item_gl.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM." POPULATE_BAPI
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&Form POST_DOCUMENT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM post_document.
TYPES:BEGIN OF type_bkpf,
bukrs TYPE bkpf-bukrs,
belnr TYPE bkpf-belnr,
gjahr TYPE bkpf-gjahr,
END OF type_bkpf.
*Local variable declarations
DATA: lv_belnr TYPE belnr_d,
lv_bukrs TYPE bukrs,
lv_gjahr TYPE gjahr,
lw_message TYPE type_message,
lv_msg TYPE symsgv,
lv_rdate TYPE sy-datum,
lt_return TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF bapiret2,
lw_return TYPE bapiret2, "#EC NEEDED
lt_bkpf TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF type_bkpf,
lw_bkpf TYPE type_bkpf,
lv_bvorg TYPE bvor-bvorg.
*Clear local work area and variables
CLEAR: lw_message,
lv_msg,
lw_return,
lw_bkpf.
CLEAR: w_header-obj_type,
w_header-obj_key,
w_header-obj_sys.
IF g_error_flag NE c_x.
IF g_credit_total<> 0 AND g_debit_total<> 0.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_ACC_DOCUMENT_CHECK'
EXPORTING
documentheader= w_header
TABLES
accountgl = t_item_gl
currencyamount = t_item_curr
return = t_return.
If t_return is not initial.
* Posting journal entries
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_ACC_DOCUMENT_POST'
EXPORTING
documentheader = w_header
IMPORTING
obj_type = g_obj_type
obj_key = g_obj_key
obj_sys = g_obj_sys
TABLES
accountgl = t_item_gl
currencyamount = t_item_curr
return = t_return.
IF sy-subrc<> 0.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT'
EXPORTING
wait = c_x.
ENDIF.
Endif.
ENDIF.
(By Rajesh Kumar)
